STAT1 Antibody

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta (STAT1) mediates signaling by interferons (IFNs). Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) are activated, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize, associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of interferon stimulated genes, which drive the cell in an antiviral state. STAT1 is tyrosine- and serine-phosphorylated in response to type II IFN (IFN-gamma). STAT1 deficiency results in impaired immune response leading to severe mycobacterial and viral diseases. In the case of complete deficiency, patients can die of viral disease.