Geniposide

Geniposide is an iridoid glycoside isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Geniposide is one of the biologically active ingredients of gardenia fruit. Geniposide is widely used in multi-component injection in the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in China for its anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Geniposide exerts protective effects against hepatic steatosis in rats fed with a high fat diet; the underlying mechanism may be associated with its antioxidant actions or regulation of adipocytokine release and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. Geniposide (10-20 μM) inhibited high glucose (33 mM)-induced adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Geniposide (5-40 μM) also inhibited high glucose-induced expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin at the gene and protein levels. Furthermore, geniposide (5-20 mM) decreased reactive oxygen species production and prevented IkappaB degradation in the cytoplasm and NF-kappaB translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in HUVECs.