Canagliflozin

Canagliflozin is an inhibitor of subtype 2 sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLT2) for CHO-hSGLT2, CHO-rSGLT2 and CHO-mSGLT2 with IC50 of 4.4 nM, 3.7 nM and 2 nM, which is responsible for at least 90% of the glucose reabsorption in the kidney. Canagliflozin increased LDL cholesterol, urinary tract infections, genital mycotic infections, and was associated increased urination and episodes of hypotension and hypoglycemia. Canagliflozin shows pronounced anti-hyperglycemic effects in high-fat diet fed KK (HF-KK) mice. Oral administration at 30 mg/kg of Canagliflozin to male SD rats induces glucose excretion over 24 hours by 3,696 mg per 200 g body weight. Dose dependently, canagliflozin decreased calculated 24-h mean RT(G) with maximal reduction to approximately 60 mg/dl, and increased mean 24-h UGE. At doses >200 mg administered before breakfast, canagliflozin reduced postprandial PG and serum insulin excursions at that meal. Canagliflozin was generally well tolerated. Canagliflozin has entered in a Phase III clinical trial for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and type 2 renal insufficiency.