Anti-Proteinase-activated Receptor-4 (extracellular)
- 貨號 Cat. No.
- APR-034
- 規格 Size
- 50 μl 0.2ml
Description
Anti-Proteinase-activated Receptor-4 (extracellular)
| Product#: | APR-034 |
| Sizes: |
| 50 µl |
| 0.2 ml |
| Host: |
| Rabbit. |
| Epitope: |
Peptide (C)HLRGQRWPFGEAA(S)R corresponding to amino acid residues 136-150 of human PAR-4 (Accession Q96RI0 ). Cys 149 was replaced with Ser. |
 |
| Putative epitope location: |
Extracellular, 1ST loop. |
| Homology: |
Rat, mouse - identical. |
| Reactivity Confirmed: |
Human, rat. |
Applications:
| Western Blotting: |
 | Western blotting of rat lung (lanes 1 and 3) and testis (lanes 2 and 4) lysates: 1, 2. Anti-PAR-4 (extracellular) antibody (#APR-034), (1:200). 3, 4. Anti-PAR-4 (extracellular), preincubated with the control peptide antigen. |
 | Western blotting of human prostate carcinoma PC3 (lanes 1 and 4), and LNCaP (lanes 2 and 5), and human T cell leukemia Jurkat (lanes 3 and 6) cell lines: 1-3. Anti-PAR-4 (extracellular) antibody (#APR-034), (1:200). 4-6. Anti-PAR-4 (extracellular), preincubated with the control peptide antigen. |
| Immunohistochemistry: |
 |
Expression of PAR-4 in rat lung. Immunohistochemical staining of rat lung paraffin-embedded sections using Anti-PAR-4 (extracellular) antibody (APR-034) (1:100). Note that staining is present in the respiratory epithelium of the bronchiole (blue arrow) as well as in the smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosae (red arrow). Counterstain is Hematoxilin. |
 |
Expression of PAR-4 in rat epididymis. Immunohistochemical staining of rat epididymis paraffin-embedded sections using Anti-PAR-4 (extracellular) antibody (APR-034) (1:100). Note that strong and specific staining is present in both the pseudostratified epithelium (blue arrow) and the smooth muscle cells of the muscular of blood vessels (red arrow). Counterstain is Hematoxilin. |
| Immunocytochemistry: |
 |
Immunocytochemical staining of PAR-4 in a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line.
|
| Flow Cytometry: |
Flow cytometry analysis of PAR-4 expression in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. |
 |
__ HL-60 cells + FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody.
__ HL-60 cells + Anti-PAR-4 (extracellular) antibody (#APR-034), (1:40) + FITC conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody. |
Proteinase-activated receptor 4 (PAR-4) belongs to a family of four G protein-coupled receptors (PAR-1 - 4) that are activated as a result of proteolytic cleavage by certain serine proteases, hence their name. In this novel modality of activation, a specific proteinase cleaves the PAR receptor within a defined sequence in its extracellular N-terminal domain. This results in the creation of a new N-terminal tethered ligand, which subsequently binds to a site in the second extracellular loop of the same receptor. This binding results in the coupling of the receptor to G proteins and in the activation of several signal transduction pathways.1-3
Different PARs are activated by different proteinases. Hence, PAR-4 is activated by both thrombin and trypsin whereas PAR-1 and PAR-3 are activated only by thrombin and PAR-2 is activated only by trypsin.1-3 PAR-4 can be also cleaved and activated by other proteinases such as cathepsin G.
The intracellular signaling mechanisms mediated by PAR-4 activation are not completely elucidated but they involve calcium mobilization downstream of phospholipase Cb through the Gaq pathway.1-3
Tissue distribution of PAR-4 is very broad with the highest expression levels found in lung, testis, pancreas and small intestine. In addition, PAR-4 expression was observed in platelets, megakaryocytes and leukocytes. Studies with platelets derived form PAR-4 knockout mice have established an essential role for PAR-4 in thrombin-induced platelet activation.
PAR-4 is likely involved in other physiological functions such as regulation of gastrointestinal motility and regulation of vascular endothelial cell function.1-3
Alomone Labs is pleased to offer a highly specific antibody directed against an epitope at the 1st extracellular loop of the human proteinase-activated receptor-4. Anti- Proteinase-activated Receptor-4 (extracellular) antibody (#APR-034) can be used in Western blot, immunohistochemical, immunocytochemical, and flow cytometry applications and has been tested in human and rat samples.