Kits
Anti-Phospholipid Screen
Kits
- 貨號 Cat. No.
- DKO11
- 規格 Size
- 96 Wells
- 品牌 Brand
- IDS
Description
The first study on the anti-phospholipid antibodies began in
1906 when Wasserman introduced a serological test for
syphilis. In 1942 it was found the active component that is
a phospholipid indicated by the name of Cardiolipin. In the
50's it was observed that a large number of people
appeared to be positive for syphilis tests but did not show
any evidence of disease. At the beginning the
phenomenon was classified as a series of false positive
syphilis test, then a more accurate analysis revealed, for
this group of patients, a high prevalence of autoimmune
disorders including Systemic Lupus Eritematosus (SLE)
and Sjögrens syndrome. The term lupus anticoagulant (LA), used for the first time in
1972, derives from experimental observations in which it
was observed an increased risk of thrombosis,
paradoxically, with the presence of some anticoagulants
factors; the term LA is not totally correct, in fact the disease
is present more frequently in patients without lupus and it is
associated with thrombosis rather than to abnormal
bleeding.
Some years later the role of a cofactor has been
investigated, the β2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H) also
said β2GPI, and its interactions with anionic phospholipids
in human serum / plasma. This cofactor is a β-globulin with
a molecular weight of 50 kDa that has the concentration of
200 μg / mL in plasma. The β2GPI is involved in the
regulation of blood coagulation, inhibiting the intrinsic way.
β2GPI in vivo is associated with negatively charged
substances such as anionic phospholipids, heparin and
lipoproteins. The region that binds phospholipids is in its
fifth domain.
The acronym aPL (anti-phospholipid antibodies) indicates
improperly antibodies directed against phospholipids
negatively charged like Cardiolipin (CL), Phosphatidyl
serine (PS) Phosphatidyl inositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid
(PA); more correctly the term anti-phospholipid antibodies
indicate those antibodies directed against the complex
between β2GPI and anionic phospholipids that can bind to
the fifth domain of β2GPI. Among these, the Cardiolipin is
the most commonly used phospholipid as an antigen for
determining the aPL with ELISA method. Diagnostic
laboratories measure the antibodies directed against the
complex between β2GPI and negatively charged
phospholipids, as Phosphatidyl serine (PS) Phosphatidyl
inositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid (PA). Some researchers
suggest the use of PS instead of Cardiolipin in ELISA
assays, for a more precise diagnosis. However, these
antibodies against phospholipids are less commonly used, even if their use may increase the clinical sensitivity of
patients samples with suspected Anti-phospholipid
Syndrome (APS), but it can’ t replace the determination of
autoantibodies anti-Cardiolipin.
1906 when Wasserman introduced a serological test for
syphilis. In 1942 it was found the active component that is
a phospholipid indicated by the name of Cardiolipin. In the
50's it was observed that a large number of people
appeared to be positive for syphilis tests but did not show
any evidence of disease. At the beginning the
phenomenon was classified as a series of false positive
syphilis test, then a more accurate analysis revealed, for
this group of patients, a high prevalence of autoimmune
disorders including Systemic Lupus Eritematosus (SLE)
and Sjögrens syndrome. The term lupus anticoagulant (LA), used for the first time in
1972, derives from experimental observations in which it
was observed an increased risk of thrombosis,
paradoxically, with the presence of some anticoagulants
factors; the term LA is not totally correct, in fact the disease
is present more frequently in patients without lupus and it is
associated with thrombosis rather than to abnormal
bleeding.
Some years later the role of a cofactor has been
investigated, the β2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H) also
said β2GPI, and its interactions with anionic phospholipids
in human serum / plasma. This cofactor is a β-globulin with
a molecular weight of 50 kDa that has the concentration of
200 μg / mL in plasma. The β2GPI is involved in the
regulation of blood coagulation, inhibiting the intrinsic way.
β2GPI in vivo is associated with negatively charged
substances such as anionic phospholipids, heparin and
lipoproteins. The region that binds phospholipids is in its
fifth domain.
The acronym aPL (anti-phospholipid antibodies) indicates
improperly antibodies directed against phospholipids
negatively charged like Cardiolipin (CL), Phosphatidyl
serine (PS) Phosphatidyl inositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid
(PA); more correctly the term anti-phospholipid antibodies
indicate those antibodies directed against the complex
between β2GPI and anionic phospholipids that can bind to
the fifth domain of β2GPI. Among these, the Cardiolipin is
the most commonly used phospholipid as an antigen for
determining the aPL with ELISA method. Diagnostic
laboratories measure the antibodies directed against the
complex between β2GPI and negatively charged
phospholipids, as Phosphatidyl serine (PS) Phosphatidyl
inositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid (PA). Some researchers
suggest the use of PS instead of Cardiolipin in ELISA
assays, for a more precise diagnosis. However, these
antibodies against phospholipids are less commonly used, even if their use may increase the clinical sensitivity of
patients samples with suspected Anti-phospholipid
Syndrome (APS), but it can’ t replace the determination of
autoantibodies anti-Cardiolipin.